Plan S

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Not to be confused with S-Plan.

Plan S is an initiative for open-access science publishing launched in 2018[1][2] by "cOAlition S",[3] a consortium of national research agencies and funders from twelve European countries. The plan requires scientists and researchers who benefit from state-funded research organisations and institutions to publish their work in open repositories or in journals that are available to all by 2021.[4] The "S" stands for "shock".[5]

Principles of the plan[edit]

The plan is structured around ten principles.[3] The key principle states that by 2021, research funded by public or private grants must be published in open-access journals or platforms, or made immediately available in open access repositories without an embargo. The ten principles are:

  1. authors should retain copyright on their publications, which must be published under an open license such as Creative Commons;
  2. the members of the coalition should establish robust criteria and requirements for compliant open access journals and platforms;
  3. they should also provide incentives for the creation of compliant open access journals and platforms if they do not yet exist;
  4. publication fees should be covered by the funders or universities, not individual researchers;
  5. such publication fees should be standardized and capped;
  6. universities, research organizations, and libraries should align their policies and strategies;
  7. for books and monographs, the timeline may be extended beyond 2021;
  8. open archives and repositories are acknowledged for their importance;
  9. hybrid open-access journals are not compliant with the key principle;
  10. members of the coalition should monitor and sanction non-compliance.

Specific implementation guidance[edit]

A task force of Science Europe, lead by John-Arne Røttingen (RCN) and David Sweeney (UKRI), has developed a specific implementation guidance on the Plan S principles, released on 27 November 2018.[6] The development of the implementation guidance also drew on input from interested parties such as research institutions, researchers, universities, funders, charities, publishers, and civil society.[7]

Transition period[edit]

During a transition period, publishing in a hybrid journal that is covered by a transformative agreement to become a full open-access venue will remain permissible.[8] The contracts of such transformative agreements need to be made publicly available (including costs), and may not last beyond 2023.[6]

Green open access[edit]

Publishing in any journal will continue to be permissible subject to the condition that a copy of the manuscript accepted by the journal, or the final published article, will be deposited in an approved open-access repository (green open access) with no embargo on access and with a CC-BY licence.[8]

Licensing and rights[edit]

To re-use scholarly content, proper attribution needs to be given to the authors, and publications need to be granted a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to share and adapt the work for any purpose, including commercially. Scholarly articles must be published under a Creative Commons Attribution license CC BY 4.0, or alternatively CC BY-SA 4.0 Share-alike or CC0 Public Domain.[6]

Mandatory criteria for open access journals and platforms[edit]

Open access journals and platforms need to meet the following criteria to be compliant with Plan S:

  • All scholarly content must be immediately accessible upon publication without any delay and free to read and download, without any kind of technical or other form of obstacles.
  • Content needs to be published under CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0.
  • The journal/platform must implement and document a solid review system according to the standards within the discipline, and according to the standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
  • The journal/platform must be listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) or be in the state of being registered.
  • Automatic article processing charge waivers for authors from low-income countries and discounts for authors from middle-income countries must be provided.
  • Details about publishing costs (including direct costs, indirect costs and potential surplus) impacting the publication fees must be made transparent and be openly available on the journal website/publishing platform.
  • DOIs must be used as permanent identifiers.
  • Long-term digital preservation strategy by deposition of content in an archiving programme such as LOCKSS/CLOCKSS.
  • Accessibility of the full text in a machine readable format (e.g. XML / JATS) to foster Text and Data Mining (TDM).
  • Link to raw data and code in external repositories.
  • Provide high quality and machine readable article level metadata and cited references under a CC0 public domain dedication.
  • Embed machine readable information on the open access status and the license of the article.

Mirror journals, with one part being subscription based and the other part being open access, are considered to be de facto hybrid journals. Mirror journals are not compliant with Plan S unless they are a part of a transformative agreement.

Public feedback[edit]

The implementation guidance was open for general feedback until 8 February 2019.[9] On 31 May 2019 the cOAlition S published an updated version of their implementation guidance in light of the feedback received during the consultation.[10]

COAlition S[edit]

Some commentators have suggested that the adoption of Plan S in one region would encourage its adoption in other regions.[11]

Member organisations[edit]

Organisations in the coalition behind Plan S include:[12]

International organizations that are members:

Plan S is also supported by:

Public figures[edit]

Professor Johan Rooryck of Leiden University was appointed Open Access Champion by cOAlition S on 28 August 2019;[26] he replaced Robert-Jan Smits, who stepped down in March 2019.[27]

Organisations that withdrew or declined to join[edit]

In October 2018 the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) made it clear that US federal funders would not be signing up to Plan S. In an interview with the American Institute of Physics published 30 April 2019,[28] OSTP Director Kelvin Droegemeier stated with regard to Plan S: "One of the things this government will not do is to tell researchers where they have to publish their papers. That is absolutely up to the scholar who's doing the publication. There's just no question about that."

Swedish Riksbank's Jubileee Fond (RJ) used to be a member,[29] but left the coalition after concerns about the timelines of Plan S.[30]

On 25 October 2019, Vijay Raghavan announced that India would not be joining cOAlition S,[31] despite his supportive comments earlier in the same year.[15]

Reactions[edit]

Institutional statements of support[edit]

Reactions by journals and publishers[edit]

The plan was initially met with opposition from a number of publishers of non-open access journals, as well as from learned societies.[61] Springer Nature "urge[d] research funding agencies to align rather than act in small groups in ways that are incompatible with each other, and for policymakers to also take this global view into account", adding that removing publishing options from researchers "fails to take this into account and potentially undermines the whole research publishing system".[62] The AAAS, publisher of the journal Science, argued that Plan S "will not support high-quality peer-review, research publication and dissemination", and that its implementation "would disrupt scholarly communications, be a disservice to researchers, and impinge academic freedom" and "would also be unsustainable for the Science family of journals".[62][63] Tom Reller of Elsevier said, "if you think that information should be free of charge, go to Wikipedia".[64]

On 12 September 2018 UBS repeated their "sell" advice on Elsevier (RELX) stocks.[65] Elsevier's share price fell by 13% between 28 Aug and 19 September 2018.[66]

On 28 November 2018 the journal Epidemiology and Infection published by Cambridge University Press announced that it would convert to the open access model of publication from 1 January 2019, citing changed funder policies and Plan S.[67]

According to the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), whose aim is to transform the business model of the largest publishers (by supporting projects like Project DEAL), Plan S puts smaller and emerging fully open access publishers at a competitive disadvantage, and potentially harms their prospects. Pure "gold" open access publishers may be put out of business by incentivizing authors to publish with large publishers which have the market power to negotiate their transition plans with funders, while no incentives are provided to authors to publish with smaller fully open access publishers and scholarly societies.[68]

On 8 April 2020, Springer Nature announced that many of its journals, including Nature, would become compatible with Plan S by publishing open access articles from 2021 and committing to an eventual transition to full open access.[69]

Various reactions[edit]

Reactions included an Open Letter, signed by more than 1500 researchers, expressing their concerns about perceived unintended outcomes of the Plan if implemented as stated before the publication of the specific implementation guidance.[70] Another Open Letter in support of mandatory open access was issued after the publication of the specific implementation guide, and had been signed by over 1,900 researchers by the end of 2018. However, it did not reference Plan S specifically.[71][72]

Stephen Curry, a structural biologist and open access advocate at Imperial College London, called the policy a "significant shift" and "a very powerful declaration".[62] Ralf Schimmer, head of the Scientific Information Provision at the Max Planck Digital Library, told The Scientist that "This will put increased pressure on publishers and on the consciousness of individual researchers that an ecosystem change is possible ... There has been enough nice language and waiting and hoping and saying please. Research communities just aren't willing to tolerate procrastination anymore."[63] Political activist George Monbiot – while acknowledging that the plan was "not perfect" – wrote in The Guardian that the publishers' responses to Plan S was "ballistic", and argued that Elsevier's response regarding Wikipedia "inadvertently remind[ed] us of what happened to the commercial encyclopedias".[73] He said that, until Plan S is implemented, "The ethical choice is to read the stolen material published by Sci-Hub."[73]

On 25 October 2018, the Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities (DARIAH) endorsed the main ambitions set out by the Plan S, namely the elimination of paywalls, copyright retention, and the rejection of hybrid models of open access publishing.[50] DARIAH published recommendations[74] for the practical implementation of the principles of the Plan S. DARIAH perceived a strong bias toward the STEM perspective within the current principles of Plan S, and called for a broader range of publication funding mechanisms to better cover the situation for researchers in the arts and humanities. DARIAH was established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) in August 2014 and as of 1 January 2019 had 17 member countries and several cooperating partners in eight non-member countries.[75] Further detailed recommendations for the implementation of Plan S were published on 19 October 2018 by the board of the Fair Open Access Alliance (FOAA).[76]

On 7 September 2018 the European University Association (EUA) published a statement in which it generally welcomed the Plan's ambitions to turn open access into reality by 2020, but stated that, while the plan developed a bold vision for the transition, it hinged on turning principles into practice.[77]

On 26 March 2019, the OA2020 Mainland China signatory libraries held a meeting at the National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing at which they clarified their position with regard to Plan S.[78]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Coalition of European Funders Announces 'Plan S' to Require Full OA, Cap APCs, & Disallow Publication in Hybrid Journals". SPARC. 4 September 2018.
  2. ^ "Plan S: Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications" (PDF). Science Europe. 4 September 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Science Europe – cOAlition S". scienceeurope.org. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  4. ^ "European countries demand that publicly funded research should be free to all". The Economist. 15 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. ^ Biemans, Claud (March 2019). "Hobbels op weg naar open wetenschap". Nederlands Tijschrift voor Natuurkunde (in Dutch). De S staat voor shock. (Robbert-Jan Smits, presentation at the Physics@Veldhoven conference, 22 January 2019).
  6. ^ a b c "Guidance on the Implementation of Plan S" (PDF). cOAlition S. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  7. ^ "cOAlition S Adopts Implementation Guidance on Plan S". cOAlition S. 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  8. ^ a b Else, Holly (27 November 2018). "Funders flesh out details of Europe's bold open-access plan". Nature. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  9. ^ "Public Feedback on the Guidance on the Implementation of Plan S". cOAllition S. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  10. ^ "cOAlition S Releases Revised Implementation Guidance on Plan S Following Public Feedback Exercise | Plan S". www.coalition-s.org. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  11. ^ Rabes, Tania (2 January 2019). "Will the world embrace Plan S, the radical proposal to mandate open access to science papers?". Science.
  12. ^ a b "National Research Funding Organisations Participating in cOAlition S" (PDF). Science Europe. 9 October 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  13. ^ Else, Holly (28 September 2018). "Finland joins Europe's bold open-access push". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06895-z.
  14. ^ "Vinnova, Sweden's Innovation Agency, Joins cOAlition S". cOAlition S. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  15. ^ a b Craig Nicholson (12 February 2019). "India agrees to sign up to Plan S". researchresearch.com. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  16. ^ Mohammad (13 March 2019). "The Higher Council for Science and Technology is the first organisation in the Middle East who joined cOAlition PLAN S". hcst.gov.jo. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  17. ^ "The Higher Council for Science and Technology Joins cOAlition S | Plan S". www.coalition-s.org. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  18. ^ a b Noorden, Richard Van (5 November 2018). "Wellcome and Gates join bold European open-access plan". doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07300-5. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  19. ^ Moody, Glyn (6 November 2018). "Big Boost For Open Access As Wellcome And Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Back EU's 'Plan S'". Techdirt. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  20. ^ "Plan S". cOAlition S Welcomes its First African Member and Receives Strong Support from the African Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Aligning Science Against Parkinson's (ASAP) Joins cOAlition S | Plan S". www.coalition-s.org.
  22. ^ Schekman, Randy; Riley, Ekemini AU (25 September 2019). "Coordinating a new approach to basic research into Parkinson's disease". eLife. 8. doi:10.7554/eLife.51167. PMC 6760967. PMID 31551111.
  23. ^ "'Plan S' and 'cOAlition S' – Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications – European Commission". European Commission. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  24. ^ "ERC Scientific Council joins new effort to push for full open access". ERC: European Research Council. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  25. ^ "WHO and TDR join coalition for free digital access to health research". WHO. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  26. ^ "cOAlition S Appoints Johan Rooryck as Open Access Champion". Plan S. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Departure of Special Envoy for Open Access and Plan S Architect, Robert-Jan Smits". Plan S. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  28. ^ Droegemeier, Kelvin (30 April 2019). "An Interview with OSTP Director Kelvin Droegemeier" (in Dutch). American Institute of Physics. 'One of the things this government will not do is to tell researchers where they have to publish their papers. That is absolutely up to the scholar who's doing the publication. There's just no question about that.'
  29. ^ Noorden (9 November 2018). "RJ ansluter sig till Plan S" (in Swedish). Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  30. ^ "Riksbankens Jubileumsfond | Riksbankens Jubileumsfond steps away from Plan S". www.rj.se. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  31. ^ "India Will Skip Plan S, Focus on National Efforts in Science Publishing". 26 October 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  32. ^ "Stellungnahme der DFG zur Gründung von "cOAlition S" zur Unterstützung von Open Access". Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (in German). 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  33. ^ "Freier Zugang zu Publikationen: Der SNF unterstützt den europäischen Plan S" (in German). Swiss National Science Foundation. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  34. ^ "The transfer to open access should take place as soon as it is possible". Swedish Research Council. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  35. ^ "Portugal and FCT'S position towards Plan S". Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). 2 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  36. ^ "LIBER Supports New Plan to Make Open Access A Reality By 2020". LIBER. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  37. ^ "Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications: LERU's reaction to Plan S". LERU. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  38. ^ "Response to Science Europe's Open Access plan". EMBO. September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  39. ^ "EULIFE reacts to Plan S: Support to Open Access and 10 key recommendations". EU-Life. 12 November 2018. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  40. ^ "Internationale coalitie wil versnelling Open Access". ZoneMw (in Dutch). 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  41. ^ "Publications". eua.eu. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  42. ^ a b c "Joint Statement on Open Access for Researchers via Plan S" (PDF). Researchers Support Open Access via Plan S. September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  43. ^ "New coalition of European funders join together to place unprecedented mandate on researchers to publish OA". 5 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  44. ^ "COAR's response to Plan S". 12 September 2018. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  45. ^ "Building a Sustainable Knowledge Commons. COAR's response to the draft implementation requirements in Plan S". 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  46. ^ "The Fair Open Access Alliance (FOAA) on Plan S". 19 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  47. ^ "PRESS RELEASE: Researchers Support Open Access via Plan S | Eurodoc". eurodoc.net. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  48. ^ "YERUN Position Statement on Plan". Young European Research Universities Network. 18 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  49. ^ "OASPA Offers Support on the Implementation of Plan S". 2 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  50. ^ a b "Towards a Plan(HS)S: DARIAH's position on PlanS". DARIAH-EU. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  51. ^ "Plan S: A European Open Access Mandate". 5 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  52. ^ "F1000 supports EC's plan for full and immediate open access (Plan S)". 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  53. ^ "Final Statement of the 14th Berlin Open Access Conference". 4 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  54. ^ "Expression of interest in the large-scale implementation of Open Access to scholarly journals". 4 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  55. ^ a b c d Roussi, Antoaneta (5 December 2018). "China backs Plan S". researchresearch.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  56. ^ Schiermeier, Quirin (5 December 2018). "China backs bold plan to tear down journal paywalls". Nature. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  57. ^ "Systemic reforms and further consultation needed to make Plan S a success". 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  58. ^ "Supporting Plan S, a model making research accessible & advancing science globally". Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  59. ^ "NIHR gives support to international Open Access initiative". 17 January 2019. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  60. ^ "Joint statement by CAUL/AOASG on Plan S". CAUL. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  61. ^ Vuong, Q.-H. (2020). "Plan S, self‐publishing, and addressing unreasonable risks of society publishing". Learned Publishing. 33 (1): 64–68. doi:10.1002/leap.1274.
  62. ^ a b c Else, Holly (September 2018). "Radical open-access plan could spell end to journal subscriptions". Nature. 561 (7721): 17–18. Bibcode:2018Natur.561...17E. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06178-7. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30181639.
  63. ^ a b Yeager, Ashley (4 September 2018). "Open-Access Plan in Europe Bans Publishing in Paywalled Journals". The Scientist. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  64. ^ Keulemans, Maarten (4 September 2018). "11 EU-landen besluiten: vanaf 2020 moet alle wetenschappelijke literatuur gratis beschikbaar zijn". De Volkskrank (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 September 2018. Als je vindt dat informatie gratis moet zijn: ga naar Wikipedia.
  65. ^ Elder, Bryce (12 September 2018). "Stocks to watch: SSE, BAT, Galápagos, RELX, Telefónica, RBS". Financial Times. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  66. ^ Smith, Richard (6–12 October 2018). "Film. The business of academic publishing: "a catastrophe"". The Lancet. 392 (10152): 1186–1187. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32353-5. PMID 30712703.
  67. ^ Norman, Noah (2 December 2018). "Epidemiology & Infection goes open access". Epidemiology and Infection. doi:10.1017/S0950268818003047.
  68. ^ "OASPA Feedback on Plan S Implementation Guidance". OASPA. OASPA.
  69. ^ Van Noorden, Richard (9 April 2020). "Nature to join open-access Plan S, publisher says". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01066-5. ISSN 0028-0836.
  70. ^ Open Letter from Undersigned Researchers. Reaction of Researchers to Plan S: Too Far, Too Risky. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  71. ^ Open Letter in Support of Funder Open Publishing Mandates. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  72. ^ Van Noorden, Richard (4 December 2018). "Researchers sign petition backing plans to end paywalls". Nature. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  73. ^ a b Monbiot, George (13 September 2018). "Scientific publishing is a rip-off. We fund the research – it should be free". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  74. ^ "Towards a Plan(HS)S: DARIAH's position on PlanS. Recommendations" (PDF). DARIAH-EU. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  75. ^ "Members and Cooperating Partners". DARIAH-EU. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  76. ^ "FOAA Board recommendations for the implementation of Plan S" (PDF). Fair Open Access Alliance (FOAA). 19 October 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  77. ^ "Open Access by 2020: EUA supports Plan S for an open scholarly system". European University Association. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  78. ^ "OA2020 Mainland China Signatory Libraries responded to Plan S Guidance on Implementation". 26 March 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plan_S&oldid=960765074"